Summary of variables in the dataset:

RegisterYear

Year of drug registration

Starting of Saudi company was almost after 90s, before that, it was markted by other countries. The peak in recent years, the presences of covid-19 might affect increasing drug registration especially for non-Saudi drugs.

Public Price

##   Public price      
##  Min.   :      0.0  
##  1st Qu.:     17.2  
##  Median :     45.0  
##  Mean   :   1331.9  
##  3rd Qu.:    151.5  
##  Max.   :1759274.3  
##  NA's   :3

the data for price has extreme values could starts from 0 price (influenza vaccine) to a very high price 1759274.3 which make it impossible to draw in meaningful graph, that is issue solved by Shiny app which you can navigate the prices for each country in one plot without too much overlapping!

in general, higher prices in recent years for hospital distribution,

pleas note that I determined the price based on mean, however the mean is affected by extreme values, although the 3rd Qu 151.5. There are 212 missing values in the plot which cover less than 3% of the data.

Histogram for price!

## Warning: Removed 1234 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values (geom_bar).

more cheaper medications is synthesized

DrugType

almost 2/3 of drugs are generic followed by A New Chemical Entity drugs.

most common drugs are Generic or NCE, It makes a sense because biological and radiophamaceticals are since these drugs used in serious diseases such as cancer! description of each type

1- A generic drug is a medication that has exactly the same active ingredient as the brand name drug and yields the same therapeutic effect.(the link)

2- A New Chemical Entity (NCE) is a drug that does not contain any active moiety that has been approved by FDA with any other application. The manufacturers of an innovator drug generally develop a NCE during the early development stage of the product cycle. The NCE, then, undergoes various clinical trials in order to transform into a drug product(the link).

3- Biological drugs (commonly referred to as ‘biologics’ or ‘biopharmaceuticals’) are drugs produced through biological processes. They currently target diseases which, hitherto, had very limited or no available treatment options – including several types of cancers, autoim- mune diseases and other non-communicable diseases(the link).

4- Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive chemicals or pharmaceutic preparations, labeled with a radionuclide in tracer or therapeutic concentration (the link).

Comparing Drug type against price

biological drugs have higher prices. typically They mimic proteins and other molecules found in living organisms and can target harmful entities, such as some cancer cells, with great accuracy; many of the most promising new drugs for cancer and other diseases fall into this class. Biological drugs tend to be larger, more complex molecules than drugs synthesized through chemical reactions, which adds to production challenges and makes them costly.

ADMINSTRATION ROUTE

finding our focus

Saudi manufacturer focus more on oral drugs followed by Iv drugs but then what kind of iv drug provided?

ok, that’s what I expect, manufacturers focus really on basic treatment which is not not be specific to any disease. we have also import electrolytes &Normal saline from other countries.
let us try on oral medications

Top 10 oral manufactured drugs

This is gives us better idea than IV drugs pregabalin in the top,anticonvulsant and anxiolytic medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, restless leg syndrome, and generalized anxiety disorder. Also, it used for diabetic neuropathy. pregabalin in last 5 years this drug has been added to controlled drugs because they found that it cause addiction. Many patients still addict to this medication. so it is consumer need! 24 drug registration of pregabalin after become controlled

• Montelukast used as prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma and Allergic or Perennial Rhinitis which is expected because of our dusty weather
  
• Tadalfil & Sildenafil used in pulmonary hypertension and impotence
  
• Levetiracetam is anti-epliptic
  
• Olanzapine $ Quetiapine is anti-psychiatric medications. they can be overuse but it is indicator of mental health issues
  
• Glimepiride, finally we got is an anti-diabetic medication!
  Honestly, I was expected antidiapetic & antihypertensive medication to be in the top, our hospitals are full of diabetic & hypertensive patients

Top 10 oral imported drugs

there are some common drugs betwen top saudi manufacucred and starting by Anti-psycatric indicate increase psychiatric diseases in Saudi Arabia let see when quetiapine was registered, 6 times all of them in Saudi Arabia in last 3 years.

Comment on mental health on Saudi Arabia

the first national study of COVID-19 impact on mental health from Saudi Arabia, the risk of depression in Saudi Arabia increased by 71.2% between May and August 2020 compared to 2018. Other studies demonstrated that The risks of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder are relatively high. studies within the Reference

Top 10 Intramuscular Saudi Manufacuerd drugs

top 4 drugs are antibiotic

Manufacturer Countries

top 10 Manufacturer Countries

drugs imported mainly from Jordon followed by Germany

Top 10 Highly consumed Drugs

many trade drugs for same generic drugs means that is highly consumed

Sodium Chloride Normal saline, it is widely used in the hospitals which make a sense that is the most common one

DExtrose Also widely used, it is simple sugar, so mainly used for Hypoglycemia, it is used along with Sodium cloride

Paracetamol & diclofinac both are pain killers, both are widely used inside and outside hospitals, both have oral form, In general, Diclofinac is available also as intermuscular which make it prefered mild to moderate pain killer in the ER rather than parecetamol (IV) which may take longer time.

amoxicillins&clavunic acid β-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics), it has wide antibactrial spectrum covering & it taken orally, generally it can treat: : Ear, Nose, & Throat Infections,Genitourinary Tract Infections,Skin & Skin Structure Infections,Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

quetiapine it is used for psychiatric disorders such as: Major Depressive Disorder, Schizophrenia,Bipolar I Disorder & insomnia

ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolones antibiotics, unlike amoxicillin which is available only in oral dose, cipro also has IV form which make it suitable for inpatients hospitals, it covers lower respiratory tract infections such as Pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTI), bone & skin infection.

montelukast it is used as prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma and Allergic or Perennial Rhinitis

What are the top 10 registered priced drugs?

Voretigene Neparvovec is an adeno-associated viral gene therapy used to treat biallelic RPE65 mutation associated retinal dystrophy it is subretinal injection. FDA aprroved in 2017

Tisagenlecleucelsold under the brand name Kymriah, is a medication for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) which uses the body’s own T cells to fight cancer (adoptive cell transfer).Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children is more common than other types of cancer

nusinersen used in treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare neuromuscular disorder.In December 2016, it became the first approved drug used in treating this disorder.

eliglustat used for the long-term treatment of Gaucher disease type 1

catridecacog indicated in patients with a rare clotting disorder, congenital factor XIII A-subunit deficiency, which is a kind of Factor XIII deficiency. The drug prevents bleeding in patients with this condition, and has been approved FDA in 2014.

larotrectinib used for adults and children with solid tumors that test positive for NTRK genes, which can help cancerous tumors grow. Tumors with this type of genetic change are not common but can be found in cancers of the salivary gland, thyroid, lung, and soft tissue sarcoma

grazoprevir Antiviral drug for chornic heptits c infection, hepatitis C protease inhibitor.

ipilimumab biological drugs to treat late-stage melanoma that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery

erdafitinibtreat adults with bladder cancer (urothelial cancer) that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery:

Lanadelumabpromote prevention of angioedema in patients with hereditary angioedema.

country map

what are suspended drugs

it seems that all of suspneded drugs might have manufacture issues or any other issues rather than a problem in a drug itself, since all drugs are still in use